Year 9 Science · Unit 1 · Lesson 12

Comprehensive Synthesis Checkpoint

Foundation Worksheet

Name

Date

Class

Learning Goals

Recall key vocabulary and concepts from all 11 lessons of the Disease unit.
Organise disease concepts into the four major themes of the unit.
Identify connections between pathogens, body defences, vaccination, and treatments.

Warm Up

Fill the gap

Choose the correct word from the word bank to complete each sentence. Two words will not be used.

pathogen antibiotic vaccination herd immunity antiviral transmission inflammation antibody resistance lysozyme

A disease-causing microorganism is called a . It can reach a new host through a process called , which may occur via direct contact, droplets, or contaminated surfaces.

The body's first line of defence includes physical barriers such as skin, and chemical barriers such as in saliva and tears. If a pathogen enters the body, the second line of defence triggers , which brings extra white blood cells to the site of infection.

trains the immune system to recognise a pathogen without causing disease, leading to memory cells that produce rapidly if the real pathogen arrives. When enough people are immune, the community gains , protecting those who cannot be vaccinated.

Bacterial infections can be treated with an , but misuse of these drugs has driven the global crisis of antimicrobial .

Your Turn

Sort it!

Write each concept from the pool into the correct theme box. Each concept belongs in exactly one box.

Virus Bacterium Fungus Protozoan Skin barrier Phagocytosis Antibody production Inflammatory response Vaccine Memory B cell Herd immunity threshold Free rider problem Penicillin Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) MRSA Natural selection and resistance

Pathogens & Disease

Body Defences

Vaccination & Immunity

Treatments

Show What You Know

1. Describe one key difference between how the first, second, and third lines of defence respond to pathogens. Give one example structure or process for each line.

Recall 3 marks

2. A new disease appears with R₀ = 6. Using the herd immunity formula, calculate the threshold needed to protect the community. Why would antibiotic resistance be irrelevant if this disease is caused by a virus?

Recall 2 marks

Wrap Up

In one sentence, what was the main idea of this lesson?