This checkpoint tests Block C: herd immunity and vaccination coverage, antibiotics and antivirals and resistance, designing a disease investigation, non-infectious disease, and epidemiology of outbreaks.
This checkpoint assesses your understanding of Block C.
Herd immunity and vaccination coverage: the herd immunity threshold, R0, protecting the vulnerable.
Antibiotics and antivirals: how they work, proper use, and antimicrobial resistance.
Designing a disease investigation: investigable questions, variables, fair tests, and validity.
Non-infectious disease: cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, risk factors, and screening.
Investigating outbreaks: epidemic curves, incidence, contact tracing, and epidemiology.
1. Herd immunity protects a community because:
2. A disease with a higher R0 (basic reproduction number) generally requires:
3. Which statement correctly contrasts antibiotics and antivirals?
4. Antimicrobial resistance spreads through a bacterial population because:
5. In a fair test, the variable that is deliberately changed by the investigator is the:
6. A student tests whether hand-washing reduces bacteria, but uses a different sink, soap, and time for each trial. The main weakness in this investigation is that it is:
7. Which of the following is a non-infectious disease?
8. An epidemic curve is a graph that shows:
9. A country has high rates of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Which public health strategy is most appropriate?
10. During an outbreak, health officials use contact tracing mainly to:
11. Explain how natural selection leads to antibiotic resistance. Include the roles of mutation, selection pressure, and reproduction in your answer. 4 MARKS
12. A student wants to investigate whether a hand sanitiser reduces the number of bacteria on hands. Describe how they could design a valid and fair investigation. Identify the independent, dependent, and one controlled variable. 4 MARKS
13. During an outbreak, epidemiologists track new cases on an epidemic curve and use contact tracing. Explain how these tools, together with high vaccination coverage and herd immunity, help control the spread of an infectious disease. 4 MARKS
Tick when you have finished all questions and reviewed your answers.