Year 8 Science · Unit 1 · Lesson 20

Living Systems Capstone

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Learning Goals

Odd one out

Circle the item that does not belong in each group. Then explain why it doesn't fit. The odd one out should be non-obvious, look for the deeper connection between the other three.

#GroupYour answer (odd one + reason)
1 Xylem    Phloem    Red blood cell    Vein
2 Stomata    Alveoli    Gills    Xylem
3 Shivering    Sweating    Vasodilation    Digestion
4 Liver    Kidney    Skin    Heart
5 Food web    Feedback loop    Predator-prey    Habitat

Synthesis scenario, Australia's platypus

The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) hunts underwater in cold Australian creeks where water temperatures can drop to 15°C. Despite this, a platypus must maintain its core body temperature at approximately 32°C to keep enzyme-controlled processes running efficiently. It uses a combination of metabolic heat, specialised blood circulation, and dense fur to achieve this.

Describe how a platypus maintains its body temperature at 32°C in 15°C creek water. In your answer, name every organ system involved and explain the role each system plays. Use the chain: structure → role → function → effect on body temperature.

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1. A platypus has webbed feet suited for swimming and a bill for detecting electrical signals from prey. Name the concept that links body structure to function and explain how it applies here.

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2. If a platypus's circulatory system was disrupted so it could no longer redirect blood flow away from its extremities, predict what would happen to its core body temperature and explain why.

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Wrap Up

In one sentence, explain why living systems need multiple organ systems working together, not just one.