Complete module assessment with 15 multiple choice questions and 5 written-response questions grounded in this module's lesson content.
Q1. Which description correctly distinguishes transverse and longitudinal waves?
Q2. A wave has frequency 50 Hz and wavelength 6.0 m. Its speed is:
Q3. If distance from a point source doubles, intensity becomes:
Q4. Constructive interference occurs when two waves meet:
Q5. When a wave slows down entering a new medium at an angle, it bends:
Q6. Diffraction is greatest when an aperture is:
Q7. In a standing wave, a node is a point of:
Q8. Sound is classified as a mechanical wave because it:
Q9. Beats are heard when two sound waves have:
Q10. For a source moving toward a stationary observer, the observed sound frequency is:
Q11. The law of reflection states that:
Q12. Total internal reflection can occur only when light travels:
Q13. A converging lens can form a real image because it:
Q14. The energy needed to heat a substance is calculated using:
Q15. Convection transfers thermal energy mainly by:
Q16. Use wave terminology to explain how frequency, wavelength, amplitude, speed, superposition and interference describe wave behaviour.
Q17. Compare reflection, refraction, diffraction and standing waves, including one condition for each effect.
Q18. Explain why sound is a wave and use the Doppler effect to describe what happens when a siren moves toward and then away from an observer.
Q19. A ray enters glass from air at 40 degrees. Explain qualitatively how Snell's Law predicts the bending, then state the condition for total internal reflection.
Q20. Compare specific heat capacity, latent heat, conduction, convection and radiation.
Q1: B
Q2: C
Q3: D
Q4: A
Q5: B
Q6: D
Q7: C
Q8: A
Q9: B
Q10: D
Q11: C
Q12: A
Q13: D
Q14: B
Q15: C
Frequency is oscillations per second, wavelength is distance between corresponding points, amplitude is maximum displacement, and speed is given by v = f lambda. Superposition means overlapping waves add their displacements. In-phase waves produce constructive interference with larger amplitude, while out-of-phase waves can produce destructive interference and cancellation.
Marks: 1, frequency/wavelength | 1, amplitude/speed | 1, wave equation | 1, superposition | 1, constructive/destructive interference
Reflection occurs when a wave bounces from a boundary with angle of incidence equal to angle of reflection. Refraction occurs when speed changes between media, bending the wave if it enters at an angle. Diffraction is spreading around gaps or edges and is strongest when the gap is comparable to wavelength. Standing waves form when waves of the same frequency travelling in opposite directions interfere to make nodes and antinodes.
Marks: 1, reflection | 1, refraction | 1, diffraction condition | 1, standing wave formation | 1, nodes/antinodes
Sound is a mechanical longitudinal wave because particles in a medium oscillate parallel to the direction of energy transfer, producing compressions and rarefactions. It shows reflection, diffraction, interference and resonance, which are wave behaviours. When a siren approaches, wavefronts are compressed so the observer hears a higher frequency. When it moves away, wavefronts are spread out and the observed frequency is lower.
Marks: 1, mechanical longitudinal wave | 1, compressions/rarefactions | 1, wave evidence | 1, approaching frequency | 1, receding frequency
Snell's Law relates refractive index and angle by n1 sin theta1 = n2 sin theta2. Glass has a higher refractive index than air, so light slows down and bends toward the normal as it enters glass. Total internal reflection occurs when light travels from a higher refractive index medium to a lower refractive index medium and the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle.
Marks: 1, Snell's Law relationship | 1, higher n in glass | 1, bends toward normal | 1, TIR direction condition | 1, critical angle condition
Specific heat capacity is the energy per kilogram per degree needed to change temperature, using Q = mcDeltaT. Latent heat is energy per kilogram for a change of state with no temperature change, using Q = mL. Conduction transfers energy through collisions and electron motion, especially in solids. Convection transfers energy by bulk motion of fluids. Radiation transfers energy by electromagnetic waves and does not require a medium.
Marks: 1, specific heat | 1, latent heat | 1, conduction | 1, convection | 1, radiation
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