Think First

How many degrees do the angles of a triangle add to? What about a quadrilateral — can you guess what their angle sum might be?

Angles in Quadrilaterals

Any four-sided shape (quadrilateral) can be split into exactly two triangles. Since each triangle's angles add to 180°, the interior angle sum of every quadrilateral is $2 \times 180° = 360°$. This is true whether the quadrilateral is a square, a kite, or a wonky irregular blob.

A B C D △ABC △ACD 180° + 180° = 360°

What You'll Master

  • Prove that interior angles of any quadrilateral sum to 360°
  • Use the angle sum to find missing angles in quadrilaterals
  • Identify angle properties of special quadrilaterals (square, rectangle, rhombus, parallelogram, trapezium, kite)
  • Solve algebraic problems involving quadrilateral angles

Words You Need

QuadrilateralA polygon with exactly four sides and four interior angles
Interior angleAn angle inside a polygon, formed between two adjacent sides
Exterior angleThe angle formed outside the polygon when one side is extended
PolygonA closed flat shape with straight sides
Reflex angleAn angle greater than 180° (in concave quadrilaterals)

⚠ Spot the Trap

Many students think irregular quadrilaterals have a different angle sum from regular ones. They don't! Every quadrilateral — no matter how lopsided — has interior angles summing to exactly 360°. The proof works because you can always draw a diagonal to make two triangles, regardless of the shape.

Proving the 360° Angle Sum

Draw any quadrilateral $ABCD$. Draw the diagonal $AC$ to split it into two triangles: $\triangle ABC$ and $\triangle ACD$.

In $\triangle ABC$: $\angle BAC + \angle ABC + \angle BCA = 180°$

In $\triangle ACD$: $\angle CAD + \angle ACD + \angle ADC = 180°$

Adding both equations:

$$(\angle BAC + \angle CAD) + \angle ABC + (\angle BCA + \angle ACD) + \angle ADC = 360°$$

But $\angle BAC + \angle CAD = \angle DAB$ and $\angle BCA + \angle ACD = \angle BCD$, so:

$$\angle DAB + \angle ABC + \angle BCD + \angle ADC = 360°$$

This proves the interior angle sum of any quadrilateral is 360°.

Special Quadrilaterals and Their Angle Properties

Shape Angle Properties
SquareAll four angles are 90° (4 × 90° = 360°)
RectangleAll four angles are 90°
RhombusOpposite angles are equal; adjacent angles are supplementary (add to 180°)
ParallelogramOpposite angles equal; co-interior angles (same-side) add to 180°
TrapeziumOne pair of parallel sides; co-interior angles between parallel sides add to 180°
KiteOne pair of opposite angles are equal; the other two are different

Worked Example — Finding a Missing Angle

A quadrilateral has three known angles: 110°, 85°, and 70°. Find the fourth angle $x$.

Step 1: Use the angle sum rule.

$$110° + 85° + 70° + x = 360°$$

Step 2: Add the known angles.

$$265° + x = 360°$$

Step 3: Subtract from 360°.

$$x = 360° - 265° = \mathbf{95°}$$

Always check: $110 + 85 + 70 + 95 = 360$ ✓

Worked Example — Algebraic Angles

A quadrilateral has angles $(2x+10)°$, $3x°$, $(x+20)°$, and $90°$. Find $x$ and all four angles.

Step 1: Set up the equation.

$$(2x+10) + 3x + (x+20) + 90 = 360$$

Step 2: Collect like terms.

$$6x + 120 = 360$$

Step 3: Solve.

$$6x = 240 \implies x = 40$$

Step 4: Substitute back.

  • $2(40)+10 = \mathbf{90°}$
  • $3(40) = \mathbf{120°}$
  • $40+20 = \mathbf{60°}$
  • $\mathbf{90°}$

Check: $90 + 120 + 60 + 90 = 360°$ ✓

Common Pitfalls

  • Using 180° instead of 360° for the quadrilateral angle sum
  • Forgetting to check your answer adds up to exactly 360°
  • In parallelograms, confusing "opposite angles equal" with "all angles equal"
  • Assuming a trapezium must have a right angle — it doesn't have to

Copy This Into Your Book

Angle sum of any quadrilateral = 360°

Proof: Split into 2 triangles using a diagonal → $2 \times 180° = 360°$

To find a missing angle: $\text{missing angle} = 360° - \text{sum of known angles}$

Special quadrilateral rules: Square & Rectangle → all 90°; Parallelogram & Rhombus → opposite angles equal, adjacent angles supplementary; Kite → one pair of opposite angles equal.

What is the sum of interior angles of any quadrilateral?

A quadrilateral has angles 90°, 120°, and 75°. What is the fourth angle?

In a parallelogram, one angle is 65°. What is the size of the adjacent (co-interior) angle?

A quadrilateral has angles $4x°, 4x°, 2x°, 2x°$. What is the size of the largest angle?

Which statement about the angles of a kite is correct?

Q6. Quadrilateral $PQRS$ has $\angle P = 105°$ and $\angle R = 80°$. Given that $\angle Q = \angle S$, find the size of $\angle Q$ and $\angle S$.

Q7. Explain, using triangles, why the interior angle sum of a quadrilateral must be 360°. Your explanation should mention what a diagonal does and reference the angle sum of a triangle.

Q8. Design a quadrilateral whose four interior angles are in the ratio $1:2:3:4$. Calculate each angle and name what type of quadrilateral could have that angle combination (if any).

Show Answers

Q6

$\angle P + \angle Q + \angle R + \angle S = 360°$
$105 + \angle Q + 80 + \angle Q = 360$
$2\angle Q = 360 - 185 = 175$
$\angle Q = \angle S = 87.5°$

Q7

Drawing diagonal $AC$ divides quadrilateral $ABCD$ into triangles $\triangle ABC$ and $\triangle ACD$. Each triangle's angles sum to 180°. The angles of both triangles together make up all four interior angles of the quadrilateral. So the total interior angle sum = 180° + 180° = 360°.

Q8

Ratio $1:2:3:4$ → parts total = 10. Each part = $360° \div 10 = 36°$.
Angles: $36°, 72°, 108°, 144°$.
Check: $36+72+108+144 = 360°$ ✓
No standard named quadrilateral has exactly these angles, but it is a valid irregular quadrilateral (possibly a trapezium if one pair of sides is parallel).

Stretch Challenge

A quadrilateral has four interior angles in arithmetic progression (AP). The smallest angle is 60°. Find all four angles and state what the common difference must be.

Every quadrilateral has angle sum = 360°
Proof: split into 2 triangles with a diagonal (2×180°)
Squares and rectangles: all angles 90°
Parallelogram: opposite angles equal; co-interior angles supplementary
Kite: one pair of opposite angles equal
Missing angle = 360° minus sum of other three angles

Badges This Lesson

Quad Expert
Angle Hunter
Algebra Angle
Shape Spotter
Proof Pioneer
Geometry Guru
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