Biology • Year 11 • Module 2 • Lesson 21
Module 2 Review, Organisation of Living Things
Reconstruct the core vocabulary, concept hierarchy, and key mechanisms from memory across all three inquiry questions of Module 2.
1. Complete the Module 2 concept map
The map below shows the three inquiry question clusters of Module 2 connected to a central hub. Write the missing labels A–I into the boxes. Use the key term list and the IQ summaries on the lesson concept map as your guide. 9 marks
Label key: Choose from this bank (9 items, one per box):
cell specialisation (same DNA, different gene expression) • tissue → organ → system hierarchy • unicellular / colonial / multicellular • photosynthesis: CO2 + H2O + light → glucose + O2 • gas exchange structures (stomata, alveoli, gills) • digestion & absorption by heterotrophs • blood composition: RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma • xylem (cohesion-tension) & phloem (pressure-flow) • Fick’s law: rate ∝ (SA × gradient) / thickness
| Box | Your label |
|---|---|
| A | |
| B | |
| C | |
| D | |
| E | |
| F | |
| G | |
| H | |
| I |
2. Glossary match, 12 key terms
Match each term (left column) with its correct definition (right column). Write the matching letter in the blank. 12 marks
| Term | Your answer | Letter | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Cohesion-tension | A | Pores in leaf epidermis controlled by guard cells; allow gas exchange and transpiration | |
| 2. Fick’s law | B | Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds O2 reversibly | |
| 3. Stomata | C | Mechanism: transpiration pull at the leaf creates tension transmitted through a cohesive water column from roots to leaves | |
| 4. Pressure-flow | D | Evaporation of water from mesophyll cells and diffusion out through open stomata | |
| 5. Haemoglobin | E | Band of suberin in root endodermis; blocks apoplast pathway, forcing selective uptake | |
| 6. Casparian strip | F | Rate of diffusion is proportional to surface area and concentration gradient, and inversely proportional to membrane thickness | |
| 7. Villi | G | Active sucrose loading at a source raises turgor pressure, driving bulk flow to a lower-pressure sink | |
| 8. Transpiration | H | Finger-like projections of small intestine wall that increase surface area for nutrient absorption | |
| 9. SA:V ratio | I | Process by which cells with identical DNA express different genes to become structurally specialised | |
| 10. Cell differentiation | J | Decreases as an organism grows larger, driving the need for specialised exchange and transport systems | |
| 11. Double circulation | K | Location of high sucrose production or release in a plant’s phloem transport system | |
| 12. Source (phloem) | L | Arrangement where blood passes through the heart twice per circuit (pulmonary + systemic loops) |
3. Fill in the blank, structural hierarchy and Fick’s law
Complete each sentence by writing the missing term or value. 8 marks (1 each)
3.1 The correct order of the structural hierarchy from smallest to largest is: organelle → cell → __________ → organ → __________ → organism.
3.2 The four animal tissue types are: epithelial, connective, __________, and __________.
3.3 According to Fick’s law, the rate of diffusion increases if surface area __________ or membrane thickness __________.
3.4 Xylem vessel elements are __________ at maturity; phloem sieve tubes are __________.
3.5 An autotroph obtains carbon from __________ (inorganic source); a heterotroph obtains it from __________.
4. True or false, with correction
Circle T or F. If false, write the corrected version on the line below. 10 marks (1 T/F + 1 correction where needed)
4.1 Arteries carry oxygenated blood; veins carry deoxygenated blood. T / F
4.2 Plants only respire at night. T / F
4.3 A potometer measures the rate of water uptake by a cut shoot, used as an indicator of transpiration. T / F
4.4 Phloem always moves downward from leaves to roots. T / F
4.5 Blood is a connective tissue in which cells are suspended in a liquid extracellular matrix (plasma). T / F
Q1, Concept map labels
A: unicellular / colonial / multicellular • B: cell specialisation (same DNA, different gene expression) • C: tissue → organ → system hierarchy • D: photosynthesis: CO2 + H2O + light → glucose + O2 • E: gas exchange structures (stomata, alveoli, gills) • F: digestion & absorption by heterotrophs • G: blood composition: RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma • H: xylem (cohesion-tension) & phloem (pressure-flow) • I: Fick’s law: rate ∝ (SA × gradient) / thickness.
Q2, Glossary match
1 – C • 2 – F • 3 – A • 4 – G • 5 – B • 6 – E • 7 – H • 8 – D • 9 – J • 10 – I • 11 – L • 12 – K
Q3, Fill in the blank
3.1 tissue; system. 3.2 muscle; nervous. 3.3 increases; decreases. 3.4 dead; living. 3.5 CO2 (carbon dioxide / inorganic carbon); organic molecules (digested food / other organisms).
Q4, True or false
4.1 False. Correction: arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood toward the heart. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood; the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood. Define by direction, not oxygen content.
4.2 False. Correction: plants respire continuously, 24 hours a day, in all living cells. During daylight, photosynthesis also occurs and its rate exceeds respiration, producing net O2 release. At night only respiration occurs.
4.3 True.
4.4 False. Correction: phloem moves from source to sink, which can be in any direction. In spring, phloem moves upward from storage roots to growing shoot tips. Direction depends on where sources and sinks are located.
4.5 True.